1. Comparing The Arithmetic Skills in Problem-Solving Among Primary and Secondary School Age Children

   Birgul Damla BABER ELBISTAN

   Social Science, The University of Göttingen, Germany.
   

   Abstract: Basic arithmetics skills, which are necessary for mathematical problem-solving, are expected to develop faster after starting school. These basic skills help to improve the level of mathematical operations during the classes. When this development is insufficient, there may occur learning difficulties in mathematics or dyscalculia. This research has been conducted to examine these basic calculating skills in problem situations from a developmental perspective. The Cognitive Developmental aRithmetics (CDR) tests, was used for this aim. These tests have 3 different levels based on the grade level. In this research, the problems section in the tests was compared in terms of different grade levels. For this purpose, the CDR1 test was applied to the 2nd and 3rd grade, the CDR2 test to the 4th and 5th grade, and the CDR3 test to the 6th and 7th-grade levels. There are 1203 participants in total. In the statistical analysis, a significant difference was found regarding the classes in the CDR1 test concerning the development of arithmetics in short problem situations. There is not any significant difference in other grade levels for CDR2 and CDR3.

   Keywords: arithmetic skills, arithmetic development, problem-solving, mathematics, calculating skills.

   Pages: 123 – 127 | Full PDF Paper

2. Determining the Factors that Most Influence the Teacher-Pupil Communication for the Primary School Grades 1-5 in Albania by Using the Fuzzy AHP Method

   Msc. Blerina Kosta¹, Phd. Daniela Halidini Qendraj², Phd. Evgjeni Xhafaj³, Msc. Etleva Halidini⁴

   1. Teacher of primary education, “Mihal Grameno” School 1001 Tirana, Albania.
   2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Information Technology, University “Aleksander Moisiu” Durres, 1001 Albania.
   3. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, 1001 Albania.
   4. Department of Mathematics, General High School “Besnik Sykja”, Tirana 1003 Albania.
   

   Abstract: This paper aims to determine the factors that influence the teacher-pupil communication for the primary school grades 1-5 in Albania. We already know that nowadays education system in Albania is tending to follow the western model, as it wasn’t so in the previous years of transition. In order to explain better about the factors that affect this communication we use the Fuzzy AHP method, a decision making theory. Two online surveys were developed for pupils and teachers in the year 2018-2019, with ten questions respectively. The objective of the paper is to rank these questions and finding the most important and the last important one, by using Saaty scale with triangular fuzzy numbers. In accordance with both group teacher and pupil, the most important question among the surveys is the parent’s communication with the teacher. A factor that pupils have difficulty is the understanding of the lesson all the time the teacher explains. For the teachers a difficult factor is giving confidence to pupils, in order to explain their talent or their feelings. The study results help the education system to focus more on teacher-pupil communication by giving due importance both of them.

   Keywords: teacher-pupil communication, primary education, Fuzzy AHP, survey, Saaty scale.

   Pages: 128 – 144 | Full PDF Paper