1. Interpretation of the Principle of Human Common Inheritance of Property in International Law

   Qu Yanan, Li Jia, Pei Zhaobin

   College of Marine Law and Humanities, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China, 116000.
   

   Abstract: The principle of the common heritage of mankind is an important legal principle stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is an important application of the law of the sea in the international seabed area. it is of great significance to resolve the attribution of international seabed areas and resource rights and promote the fair and rational distribution and utilization of marine resources. Starting from the definition and legal attributes of the common heritage of mankind, it traces back to the principle of the common heritage of mankind, and explains the main content and scope of the principle of the common heritage of mankind in the framework of international law. In combination with the concept of the human destiny community proposed by China, it puts forward feasible suggestions for the development and practice of the principle of human common inheritance, and explores the development path of the principle of the common heritage of mankind from the perspective of international law.

   Keywords: International seabed area, principle of common heritage of mankind, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

   Pages: 287 – 301 | Full PDF Paper

2. Employing an Ecosystem Services Framework to Deliver Decision Ready Science

   Emily Pindilli¹, Dianna Hogan², Zhiliang Zhu³

   1. U.S. Geological Survey, Science and Decisions Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia, 20192, USA.
   2. U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia, 20192, USA.
   3. U.S. Geological Survey, Land Resources Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia, 20192, USA.

   Abstract: Public land managers have limited information to allow for integration and balancing of multiple objectives in land management decisions including the social (cultural and health), economic (monetary and nonmonetary), and environmental aspects. In this article, we document an approach to consider the many facets of decision making by incorporating them into a decision context using an ecosystem services framework. This analysis is based on a multi-partner project led by the US Geological Survey and the US Fish and Wildlife Service to provide land management decision support for the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. It is an integrated ecologic-economic analysis of baseline (current) and potential future quantities, qualities, and values of selected ecosystem services in the refuge. Alternative management scenarios are modeled to consider the impact of specific management actions or natural disturbances on priority ecosystem services. We examine the benefits and challenges of using this framework. Key lessons learned from this effort include the mismatch in timing between physical and social science; the challenge of integrating methods from multiple disciplines; the importance of frequent communication to overcome siloed research; and the utility of an integrating framework such as ecosystem services and supporting tools such as the dynamic ecosystem model.

   Keywords: Ecosystem services, decision science, environmental economics, environmental management, carbon sequestration.

   Pages: 302 – 323 | Full PDF Paper

3. The Spanish Carbon Footprint Calculation and Registration System: The Miguel Hernández of Elche University Case

   A. J. Guerrero Lucendo^{* a}, F. García-Orenes^a, J. J. Ruiz Martínez^b P. G. Vicente Quiles^b

   a. Environmental Office, Miguel Hernández of Elche University, Spain.
   b. Vicerectorate for Infrastructure, Miguel Hernández of Elche University, Spain.

   Abstract: Universities can be considered small communities themselves, providing access to data at the community scale, as well as contributing to global sustainability through their education, research and the operation of their own estate. In this study it has been reported the greenhouse gases emissions of Miguel Hernandez of Elche University, with a breakdown by the types of scope and sources of emission. This initiative is supported by the Spanish Government that has developed a program called Carbon Footprint Registry (Royal Decree 163/2014) to promote the declaration of the carbon footprint by sectors that are not regulated through the Emissions Trading System in the European Union, such as agriculture, buildings, or waste management. The main objective of the study is to verify the tool proposed by the Government of Spain and analyze the results obtained and its evolution in a higher education institution such as Miguel Hernández of Elche University. The data obtained from the Carbon Footprint per person of an organization allows obtaining an environmental indicator directly correlated with its environmental impact, and can be used as a benchmark for making decisions aimed to reduce greenhouse gases emissions.

   Keywords: Carbon footprint, Climate change, Greenhouse gases, University, High education.

   Pages: 324 – 336 | Full PDF Paper

4. Developing Students’ Environmental Awareness Through Environmental Learning Models

   Siti Oriza Salsijanti¹, Suyadi², Esti Junining³, Wike⁴

   1. Doctoral Program of Environment Studies, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Malang, Indonesia.
   2. Department of Animal Husbandary, Faculty of Animal Husbandary, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Malang, Indonesia.
   3. Department of Language and Literatures, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Malang, Indonesia.
   4. Master Program of Women Studies, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Malang, Indonesia.

   Abstract: The world has a lot of environmental problems which should be addressed in order to help the future generation. It is imperative to come up with measures that promote environmental awareness. However, many students do not consider environmental problems as important issues that need careful consideration. This study used environmental learning models: problem based learning (pbl) and project based learning (pjbl) to introduce real-world problems. Additionally, a descriptive quantitative analysis using sem-pls was used. The result showed the problem based learning has a significant influence on the environmental variable. Problem based learning provided important opportunities for engaging students in real environmental issue and is significant in fostering awareness. Nevertheless, the result showed project based learning has a negative influence on the environmental awareness, where the path coefficient obtained is -0.162 with a cr value of 1.594. Since cr is smaller than the critical value (1.594 <1.96), the statistical hypothesis h0 is accepted. This implies that the project based learning has an insignificant influence on the environmental awareness. Project based learning with campaign task was not effective in conveying the message and changing the behaviors of individuals. Parental and community involvement and the school environment also influence the awareness.

   Keywords: Students’ Environmental Awareness, Environmental Learning Models, Problem Based Learning, Project Based Learning.

   Pages: 337 – 358 | Full PDF Paper