1. Variability of Chlorophyll-a in Relation to Physico-Chemical Variables in Zanzibar Coastal Waters

    Edward Moto1, Margareth Kyewalyanga2

    1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dodoma, P.O Box 338, Dodoma,Tanzania.
    2. Institute of Marine Sciences, P.O Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania.

    Abstract: The relationships between chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), nutrients and other physico-chemical variables are important for marine water management strategies. In this study, monthly Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients were measured at two sites (Bawe and Chwaka Bay) in Zanzibar coastal waters from May 2012 to May 2013. The mean Chl-a concentration ranged from 0.69 mg/m3 to 1.86 mg/m3, with insignificant variation between the sites, and significant differences among the stations being higher in near shore stations than in open seawater stations (t= 5.296, P < 0.0001). The results revealed significant higher Chl-a concentration during the southeast monsoon (SEM) than the northeast monsoon (NEM) (t = 2.871, P < 0.0152). In addition, the results showed that, the concentration was significantly correlated positively with salinity (r = 0.640; p = 0.019) and negatively with NO3 (r = -0.563; p = 0.044). The results of this study suggest that high Chl-a concentration to the near shore station is due to sewage system which influence nutrients concentrations, hence result into high Chl-a concentration. Furthermore, the SEM experienced high Chl-a concentration due to strong winds which bring nutrients to the sea surface which favour growth of phytoplankton hence result into high concentration.

    Keywords: Chlorophyll-a, Zanzibar coastal waters, physico-chemical variables

    Pages: 475 – 492 | Full PDF Paper
  2. Ecological Reconstruction of Fly Ash and Slag Landfills in Order to Achieve Ecological Coherence between Degraded Ecosystems and Natura 2000 Sites

    Nona Ardeleanu, Gabriel Lazar

    Department of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering,“Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Street, 600115, Bacau, Romania.

    Abstract:

    Purpose. Main purpose is remediation of Bacau slag and fly ash landfill located in an ecologically sensitive area nearby Natura 2000 sites.

    Research question is what kind of habitat restoration measures at the landfill site to improve the habitat quality of the area in order  to improve overall connectivity between the Natura 2000 designated sites.

    Methods. Heavy metals were determined in fly ash and slag using SRISO 11047-99 method. Soil samples were taken from three deep: 0-5 cm, 15-20 cm and 30-35cm from surrounding area. Heavy metals were doused with total forms atomic absorption spectrometry method. By multichannel gamma spectrometry were determined radionuclide’s content of coal and its by-products.

    Result. The values for heavy metals content obtained from soil sampled area compared with analysis of fly ash are higher than normal, but below the alert threshold for less sensitive soils (Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb). Assessment of the natural radionuclide concentrations in both the coal and the waste resulting from combustion within the limits of the literature cited is somewhat higher than the soil in the area.

    Conclusions. Bacau slag and fly ash landfill’s location between two Natura 2000 sites, on the Carpathian migratory corridor leads to necessity to be apply habitat restoration measures at the landfill site in order to improve the habitat quality of the area, thus favoring the presence of protected bird species, and at the same time to improve overall connectivity between the Natura 2000 designated sites.

    Keywords: coal, fly ash, Natura 2000, green infrastructure

    Pages: 493 – 500 | Full PDF Paper
  3. A Study on Green Industry Project Construction Experience

    Wei Zhang1, Hui Wang2

    1. Vice President Engineering & Estimating, BlueScope Building, No. 1506 Rongle East Road, Songjiang Industrial Zone, 201613,Shanghai, P. R. China.
    2. Green Building, BlueScope Building System(Xi’an) Co., Ltd, No. 1 Dingkunchi Second Road (Western), Hi-Tech Industrial Zone,710119, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.

    Abstract:

    China is s faced with a heavy pollution issue while industrialization process. Millions of manufacture factories had been built every year discharging waste water, exhaust gas and useless solid material. Construction industry as one major polluted source was focused by China government more and more. Green building solution was encouraged to use for all types of building in last five years. But finally only 1% manufacture plant had been built following green label standard due to less of incentive policy and self-motivation. Most plant owners who are facing severe competition and survive pressure in China market do not willing to spend money and time for environment protection.

    This paper summarizes a case study on an industrial project in China. Buildings in this project obtained both China 3 stars Green Building Label and US LEED Platinum (office) & Gold (factory) Certificate. The author involved in whole practice wishes to share experience from planning, design, construction, commissioning to operation process. Base on characteristics of factory building, an appropriate green building developed strategy is evidently helpful for green practice to balance performance, investment and payback period.

    Keywords: Integrative process; Portfolio, Commissioning

    Pages: 501 – 510 | Full PDF Paper
  4. Lacewing Diversity and Abundance in Eskişehir Province, Northwest Turkey

    Savaş CANBULAT1, Ayhan GÜLER2, Tariq A. M. TYEB3

    1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
    2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey.
    3. Faculty of Science Education for Elementary Schools, Kastamonu University, 37100, Kastamonu, Turkey.

    Abstract: In this study, between August-October in 2010 and between April-June in 2011, a total number of 791 lacewing specimens (51% females and 49% males) were collected from 68 randomly located sampling 13 county and villages of Eskişehir province in Northwest Turkey. Samples were collected using three methods: beating the vegetation with a hand-net, using a Japanese umbrella, and light-trapping specimens at night. As a result of the identifications 37 species of 21 genera belonging to the 7 families of the order Neuroptera were determined. Ecologies and distributions of 37 species determined from the research area were given. In 37 species, 34 species are new records for the Eskişehir province fauna. The most abundant and most frequent species were Chrysoperla carnea and Myrmecaelurus trigrammus. Species living in the Eskişehir province were frequent as well: Chrysopa dorsalis, Hemerobius handschini and Palpares libelluloides. According to the phenelogical data of 37 species, Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) pygmaea, Hemerobius lutescens and Hemerobius zernyi in May, Distoleon tetragrammicus, Hemerobius stigma and Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) ravus in June, Italochrysa italic, Nineta principiae, Neuroleon assimilis, Lertha schmidti and Nemoptera sinuate in July, Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) subnebulosus and Aleuropteryx loewii in August, Sympherobius (Niremberge) fuscescens have been found in September. However, Dichochrysa flavifrons and Dichochrysa zelleri have been determined seasonal flight activity from May to September. Abundance, dominance and frequency for each species are added.

    Keywords: Neuroptera, Turkey, Composition, seasonal flight activity; dominance, frequency

    Pages: 511 – 524 | Full PDF Paper
  5. Vertical Distribution of Neuroptera (Insecta, Neuroptera) In Middle Black Sea Region (Çorum, Tokat, Amasya Provinces)

    Savaş CANBULAT1, Ayhan GÜLER2, Tariq A. M. TYEB3

    1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
    2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey.
    3. Faculty of Science Education for Elementary Schools, Kastamonu University, 37100, Kastamonu, Turkey.

    Abstract: Lacewing specimen was collected from 57 localities in in Middle Black Sea Region (Çorum, Tokat and Amasya province) of Turkey between the months of May-August 2015. Specimens were caught from different altitude biotopes coniferous trees, deciduous trees, ferns, shrub, herb, others type (open areas of forest, open steppes, under the bridge) and light trap. The ecosystem diversity and altitudinal variation were taken into account when localities were chosen. Altitudes, route tracks, and directions were recorded using a manual GPS device (Garmin). Live insect specimens were identified immediately after capture. If specimens could not be identified in the field, they were brought back to laboratory alive and killed with ethyl acetate (but Coniopterygidae specimens were killed in 70% alcohol and stored). All the lacewing specimens were pinned with their wings spread, then dried and preserved. Most of the lacewing samples were found in the coniferous trees, decidious trees. When the vertical distributions of the specimens were examined the most narrowly distributed species Chrysopa formosa, Chrysotropia ciliata, Nineta flava, Peyerimhoffina gracilis, Aleuropteryx loewii, Aleuropteryx umbrata, Sympherobius (Sympherobius) elegans, Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) ravus, Mantispa aphavexelte, Mantispa scabricollis, Delfimeus irroratus, Euroleon nostras, Macronemerus bilineatus, Myrmecaelurus trigrammus, Myrmeleon (Morter) inconspicius the most widely distributed species Chrysoperla carnea, Dichochrysa prasina.

    Keywords: Neuroptera, Turkey, Middle Black Sea Region, vertical distributions

    Pages: 525 – 533 | Full PDF Paper