-
Alliance Importance and Risk Cases of Value Added Tax Threatening Continuity of European Budget
Olga Burianova, Jiri F. Urbanek
University of Finance and Administration, Estonska 500, 10100 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
Abstract: One of the three major pillars of funding the European Union’s budget is Value Added Tax. Within the European Community, under the terms of the legislation, trade in goods and services under the so-called reverse charge system operates. One of the reasons why this method of taxation has been applied is to avoid risks in the area of Value Added Tax collection. Some countries of the European Union have accepted this form of taxation and transferred them to risky commodities into the domestic Tax on Value Added Tax and its collection of Value Added Tax. However, also in this mode of taxation may lead to the avoidance of taxation and the tax fraud. The free movement of goods, services and taxpayers or taxpayers without Value Added Tax registration within the European Community may cause some difficulty in correctly selecting value added tax. The security of the tax collection to funding into the budget can be endangered. However, the correct implementation of the budgetary plans (prediction) should be in the interest of all, because the budget supports the important infrastructure areas of the countries concerned. And in this respect, is knowledge of social responsibility important. The aim of this article is to point out this danger in a simple example. The exquisite instrument, for the achievement of this paper’s aim, is the application of special modelling and simulation methodology for crisis scenarios – method DYVELOP (Dynamic Vector Logistics of Processes).
Keywords: Value Added Tax, European reverse charge, Crisis scenarios, Dynamic Vector Logistics of Processes, Tax Fraud.
Pages: 1 – 12 | Full PDF Paper
-
Dictionary-based Classification of Tweets About Environment
Michela Camelettia, Silvia Fabrisa; Stephan Schlosserb; Daniele Toninellia*
a. University of Bergamo; via dei Caniana, 2, 24127, Bergamo, Italy.
b. University of Göttingen, Goßlerstraße 19, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Abstract: In the era of social media, the huge availability of big data such as digital data (e.g. posts sent through social networks or unstructured data scraped from websites) allows to develop new types of research in a wide range of fields. These types of big data are available for low costs and in almost real-time. Nevertheless, their collection and analysis are challenging. This paper proposes an unsupervised dictionary-based method to filter tweets related to a specific topic, i.e. environment. We start from the tweets sent by a selection of Official Social Accounts clearly linked with the subject of interest. Then, we identify a list of expressions (bigrams, trigrams and hashtags) used to set the topic-oriented dictionary. Our approach has some relevant advantages: it attempts to reduce as much as possible the interventions and decisions of the researcher as well as the processing time; it is based mostly on combination of words (instead of single words) in order to ease the identification of tweets concerning the topic of interest; it is not based on a pre-defined dictionary, but it can rather be personalized and generalized to other topics. We test the performance of our method by applying the built dictionary to a sample of more than 3.5 million geolocated tweets posted in Great Britain between January and May 2019. All the criteria used to evaluate the performance highlighted very good performances. In particular, the level of accuracy, of sensitivity and of the F1 score were equal or higher than 98.4%; moreover, also for specificity and precision we obtain excellent levels of performance (around 97,5%), higher than the currently most common methods of selection.
Keywords: tweet filtering, big data analysis, dictionary-based selection, dictionary-based search, unsupervised algorithm, text analysis.
Pages: 13 – 32 | Full PDF Paper