1. Application of Biogas Digestate as Biofertiliser for Paddy Rice Cultivation in Southern Vietnam

   Nguyễn Khánh Hoàng¹, Lê Hùng Anh¹,  Michael Böhme²

   1. Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Institut of Environmental Sciences, Viet Nam.
   2. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Dept. Horticultural Plant Systems, Germany.
   

   Abstract: Chemical fertilizer has been replaced by liquid waste of biogas plant for rice cultivation in the pilots scale at Hau My Bac B ward, Cai Be, Tien Giang, Viet Nam with four different proportions of Nitrogen source designed: 100% chemical fertilizer (mode 1 – control); 100% bio fertilizer (mode 2), 50% chemical fertilizer plus 50% bio fertilizer (mode 3) and 75% chemical fertilizer plus 25% bio fertilizer (mode 4). The result show that the leaf’s color in the range of 3.75 (baseline N dose) to 4 (high N dose) and the rice’s height of mode 1, 2, 3, 4 with respective value 78.5±2.06, 75.0±3.00, 73.5±4.09, 72.5±3.04 cm were not significant different. On the other hand, the length of node is difference between mode 1, 2, 3, 4 were respective value 4.75±0.43, 2.88±0.53, 4.75±1.77, 3.48±0.82 cm. The farmer’s experience leading to the result of nutrient composition of soil has much variation compared to the initial parameters. Although the nutrient content of the experimental formulations was not significantly different. However, the microbial density of the formula using 100% bio fertilizer showed that lower than other formulas. Based on initial analysis results, the liquid waste from the Biogas plant can be used as a biofertilizer source to replace chemical fertilizer in rice cultivation.

   Keywords: Biogas, liquid waste from Biogas plant, Bio-fertilizer

   Pages: 25 – 31 | Full PDF Paper

2. Fermentation of Palm Kernel Cake by Marasmius sp and Implication to Performnce Native Chicken

   Tuti Widjastuti¹, Abun¹,  Wiwin Tanwiriah¹ and Lovita Adriani¹

   Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM. 21, 45363, Sumedang-West Java, Indonesia, (phone) +6222 7798241, (fax) +6222 7798212.
   

   Abstract: The palm kernel cake waste product has a high gross energy of 5088 kcal / kg, so it can be used as a source of energy for chicken and could be used to substitute corn meal in the preparation of local chicken ration. However, the use of this waste is still limited because the crude fiber content is quite high (17.18%) and its palatability is low. Efforts to improve is through the process of fermentation by using microorganisms namely Marasmius sp. Because this microbial can produce enzymes that are able to break down and dissolve the lignin contained in palm kernel cake and can degrade crude fiber into simpler bonds (polysaccharides), so its easily digested. The research was divided into two phase. Phase I was held to find out the best dosage and time of fermentation of palm kernel cake. Phase II was to find out the using level of fermentation palm kernel cake in diet native chicken. One hundred native chickens at two weeks of age were raised in cages until 12 weeks old. A Completely Randomized Design with five treatment palm kernel meal level in the diets , namely 0 % (R0), 10 % (R1), 20 % (R3), 30% (R4) and 40% (R5), replicated four times and where each replication  consisted of five chickens, and the measured variables were feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed Conversion   Statistical test performed by analysis of variance and differences between treatment effects were examined using Duncan’s multiple range test. The experiment showed that nutrient containing of palm kernel meal fermentation were increased and treatment using palm kernel cake in native chicken diet was significant effect on feed consumption, body weigh gain, and feed conversion, Results showed that best dosage of inoculum was 7.5% and time of fermentation was three weeks and the diet used palm kernel cake fermentation until 30% had same effect on performance as control diet.

   Keywords: Palm kernel cake, fermentation, body weight gain, native chicken

   Pages: 32 – 40 | Full PDF Paper